Cybersavvy
Cognitivism
What is it?
Learning happens through the internal processing of external stimulations. The learner then needs to attend to new information to move it to his/her short-term memory with rehearsal and to the long-term memory through practice and encoding.(Silber/Foshay; Foshay Influence on HPT)
Who Contributed to the Theory?
Jean Piaget (1960s-1980s): People actively learn from their environment by organizing new information into schemas if they are developmentally ready;
Gagne (1965): IDs can use "The 9 Events of Instruction" to apply cognitivist theory to their work.
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shriffin (1968) lay the groundwork for information-processing theory with their study of a learner's 3 memory systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. This movement and perm't storage happens through attention, encoding, and retrieval; This theory informs cognitive approaches to learning, which was influenced by the development of CAI: An input is processed and then produces an output.
Lev Vygotsky (work released in the 1950s; popularized in the 1970s): Experts can teach learners nw knowldge within their ZPD. They should model how to use the new knowledge and provide scaffolding during the process
Richard C. Anderson (1970) expands on and popularizes the schema theory in which knowledge is organized and stored in forms or schemas, They include categories of information with defined relationships between one another. When learners organize information into schemas, they can retrieve that information efficiently. (Driscoll, 38)
How Can It Be Applied?
The instructor models how to choose sources or his/her own project by doing a think-aloud and presenting a visual that shows qualities of a credible source; She selects three, and each student recommends three more and explains why they made each recommendation; they then choose their own sources an share them..